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Least Developed Countries are those assessed as having particularly severe long-term constraints to development. Inclusion on the list of Least Developed Countries is now assessed on two main criteria: economic diversity and quality of life.

A method of grant-making practiced by some foundations.

Leverage occurs when a small amount of money is given with the express purpose of attracting funding from other sources or of providing the organisation with the tools it needs to raise other kinds of funds.

Financial Aid in the wider sense is defined as a grant or loan of money which is the subject of a formal agreement with the recipient government or institution. In practice, it is all bilateral aid except for technical co-operation and administrative costs.

A loan or other investment made by a private foundation to a profit-making or non-profit organisation for a project related to the foundation's stated purpose and interests. Programme- related investments are an exception to the general rule, barring jeopardy investments. Programme-related investments are often made from a revolving fund; the foundation generally expects to receive its money back with limited, or below-market interest which  will then provide additional funds for loans to other organisations. A programme-related investment may be used for loan guarantees, the purchase of stock or other kinds of financial support.

Philanthropy is defined in different ways. The origin of the word philanthropy is Greek and means love for mankind. Today, philanthropy includes the concept of voluntary giving by an individual or group to promote the common good. Philanthropy also commonly refers to grants of money given by foundations to non-profit organisations. Philanthropy addresses the contribution of an individual or group to other organisations that in turn work for the causes of poverty or social problems-improving the quality of life for all citizens. Philanthropic giving supports a variety of activities, including research, health, education, arts and culture, as well as poverty alleviation.

Previously known as Gross National Product (GNP.)
Gross National Income comprises the total value of goods and services produced within a country (i.e. its Gross Domestic Product), together with income received from other countries (notably interest and dividends), less similar payments made to other countries.

A promise to make future contributions to an organisation. For example, some donors make multi-year pledges promising to grant a specific amount of money each year.

Acronym: WTO

Abbreviation for Customer Relationship Management System
A software solution that manages the relationships of a business with its clients or customers. This includes not only   invoicing but also quotations, sales management, marketing and information exchange.

(As a fundraising term.)

A grantor's letter or brief statement indicating an intention to make a specific gift.

The World Bank.

The term "The World Bank" is commonly used to refer to the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the International Development Association.

Programme aid is financial assistance specifically to fund

• (i) a range of imports, or

Bilateral aid is provided to developing countries and countries in transition on the Development Assistance Committee List on a country to country basis, and to institutions, usually in Britain, working in fields related to these countries.